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G. C. BLACKMORB.

STEAM OR HOT WATER HEATING BOILER No. 484,083. Patented Oct. 11, 1892.

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G. C. BLAOKMORE. STEAM 0R HOT WATER HEATING BOILER.

No. 484,083 I Patented Oct. 11, 1892.

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-(No'ModeL) G. 0. 'BLAOKMORE. STEAM 0R HOT WATER HEATING BOILER.

Patented Oct. 11, 1892.

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v UNITED STATES 4 PATENT I OFFICE.

GEORGE G. BLAOKMORE, OF NEWARK, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO THE BLAOKMOREHEATING COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

STEAM OR HOT-WATER HEATING BOILER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 484,083, dated October11, 1892.

Application filed February 12,1892. Serial No. 421,259. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, GEORGE C. BLACKMORE, a citizen of the United States,residing at Newark, Essex county, New Jersey, have invented certain newand useful Improvements in Steam or Hot-Water Heating Boilers, fullydescribed and represented in the following specification and theaccompanying drawin gs, forming a part of the same.

This invention relates to a boiler made in upright detachable sections;and its object is to furnish a construction by means of which thecirculation of the water maybe rendered more positive and may bedeflected over the hottest part of the fire, and the construction alsosecures a combustible chamber in the upper part of the fire and adownward-draft flue at the rear of the boiler. This construc tionoperates to generate a high temperature in the top of the boiler, fromwhich the steam or water is drawn off, and also operates to secure theabstraction of the heat from the gases in the highest possible degree.

The invention will be understood by reference to the annexed drawings,in which- Figure 1 is a front elevation, and Fig. 2 a

A side elevation, of the entire boiler. Fig. 3 is an elevation of theboiler with the front section removed, the pattern shown being adaptedfor a boiler of the largest type. Fig. 4 is a section for asomewhat-smaller boiler, and Fig. 5 a section for a still smallerpattern. Fig. 6 represents a cross-section taken on line a: a; in Figs.3, 4, and 5. Fig. 7 shows the inside of the rear section, and Fig. 8 therear side of the adjacent section. Fig. 9 is a central verticallongitudinal section.

Each section of the boiler, as shown in Figs. 3, 4, and 5, consists inside columns A, united bya hollow arch or tube B at the top andconnected by other transverse tubes at such a distance below the top asto form a combustion-chamber O. i

The fluid is fed into the boiler by pipes p at the bottoms of thecolumns A and is discharged by pipes p, at the top of the arch B. Eachof the sections is formed in one piece of iron by casting, as, suchmaterial is commonly used in low-pressure heating-boilers. Any

able point to wholly intercept the flow of the fluid, and the transversetubular connections are joined to the side columns above and below thepartitions, and also to a central column e.

The lower transverse connections f are sloped upwardly in the samedegree from the side columns A to the center column 6, while the upperconnections 9 are sloped upwardly from the center column to the sidecolumns. With such a design the fluid which is ob structed by thepartitions d is deflected into the lower tube fand central column e.After rising in this column the fluid is again deflected through theupper tubes g into the side column and thence to the arch B, from whenceit escapes by the pipe 19. Between the transverse connecting-pipes f andg a loop h is formed, with its ends connected to the column A atopposite sides of the partition d, the water entering the lower end ofsuch loop and returning to the column'A by the upper end of the loop, aswith the tubes f and g.

Lugs 11 are shown upon the inner sides of the columns A to support agrate D atasuitable distance beiow the transverse connections f, and theside columns are preferably extended below the grate a suitable distanceto form an ash-box E beneath the grate,when the sections are set upon afoundation. The space between the grate and the connections f serves asa fire-box or furnace, the lateral walls of which are formed Wholly bythe column A.

The transverse connections are, as shown in Fig. 9, made of lesserthickness laterally than the side columns A, so that vertical passages Zare formed between the transverse connections, through which the gasesrise from the fire-box to the combustion-chamber G.

The spaces to between the several transverse tubes and loops f, g, and hin each section form gas-passages in which the flames circulate, andthus heat the contents of all the columns A and arch B, the uppertransverse connections being omitted from this section to form areturn-flue, as shown in Figs.

7 and 9. The return-flue is closed at the bottom by a transverse rib n,which makes contact with a corresponding rib n at the bottom of thepartition m. The space above the ribs n n in both the sections isdivided vertically for a great part of its depth by a rib 0, extendeddownward from the arch B.

The combustion-chamber O connects by separate openings (lettered s s inFig. 7) with the spaces r and 0", which form ascending and descendingflues at opposite sides of the rib o, and outlet-nozzle J is connectedwith the space 7*.

A damper t, with spindle a projected outside of the section, is appliedto the opening .9 and when open permits a direct draft from the furnaceto the nozzle J. When closed, the gases then escape from thecombustionchamber only through the opening .9, and pass thence downwardthrough the space 4" beneath the lower end of the rib o and thencethrough the space 0" to the outlet-nozzle, as indicated by the arrows oin Figs. 8 and 9. The rib 0 is preferably made hollow and connectedinternally with the water box or'plate J, which brings the gases-intocontact with water-heating surfaces throughout its entire passage to thenozzle J.

The operation of the apparatus is as follows: The flames from thefire-box rise between the transverse connections in each section throughsmoke-passage Z into the combustion-chamber O, circulating more or lessin the spaces to at the same time, so as to heat the contents of thetubes f, g, and h. When kindling the fire, thedamper tis opened, asshown in Fig. 8, and the gases pass directly from the combustion-chamberto the outletnozzle J; but at other times the damper would be closed andthe gases forcedto pass through the return-flue in the spaces 4 4",which retains them in the combustion-chamber suflici-ently to permit acomplete combustion of all the gaseous elements, which results in a hightemperature for the arches B or upper portions of the boiler-sections.The damper 15 thus furnishes a meansof providing either a direct orindirect draft, as may be required by the necessities of the fire. Theconstruction may be used for heating by either water I the structure.

or steam, and the fluid, whether steam or water, being drawn from thetops of the sections, is thus delivered at a higher tempera ture than ina boiler having the greatest heat confined entirely to the fire-box. Inmost sectional cast-iron boilers the vertical fines are made zigzag ortortuous to prevent the flames from passing upward freely to the top ofthe boiler, and no provision is made for a large combustion-chamberbeneath the upper water arch or dome. In the present construction thevertical passages Zare not interrupted in any manner; but the gases arepermitted to rise freely into the combustionchamber, so that they maygenerate a high temperature therein, and thus deliver the fluid from theboiler as hot as possible. By making the rear plate J of hollowstructure, as shown in Fig. 9, and locating the waterrib 0 within thereturn-flue the heat is thoroughly obstructed from the gases before itsdischarge to the smoke-outlet. The water when the boiler is in operationenters the extreme lower ends of the columns A, where no heat is appliedto the metal, and the return fluid is therefore prevented from chillinga highly-heated surface, and thus inducing an injurious contraction oreffect upon The fluid then rises in the side columns to the partition61, which diverts the entire current inward over the hottest part of thefire-box. From this location the central column 6 furnishes a directchannel for the upward passage of the water, which passes thence throughthe tubes g into the side columns and arch B, where the water is stillfurther heated by the combustion in the chamber 0. It is understood thata boiler of any capacity may be formed of such sections by using asuitable number of the same, and a boiler of such construction may thusbe readily extended after it has been in use.

To form a section of smaller capacity than that shown in Fig. 3, thetransverse connections may be diminished in number, as shown in Figs. 4and 5, the boiler-section in Fig. 4

having only one of the upper tubes 9 and two of the lower tubes f, whilethe boiler-section in Fig. 5 has only one each of the tubes f and g. Inthese two boiler-sections the combustion-chamber, the fire-box, and theashbox are diminished correspondingly in height to form with a series ofsuch sections a boiler of smaller dimensions and capacity than thatshown in Fig. 3.

It is obvious that the combustion-chamber 0, arranged in the upper partof the boiler beneath the water-arch B, may be used with transverseconnections of different character than those described herein, and thecombustion-chamber is therefore claimed in such relation.

The precise form of the water-archB is immaterial, as its function is todeliver the water from the tops of the columns A to the out let-pipes p;but it obviously offers less resistance to the movement of the waterwhen curved or arched, as shown in the drawings.

Having thus set forth the nature of the invention, what is claimed is5 1. A section for a vertical sectional boiler, consisting in sidecolumns A, united at the top by arch B and having the partitions 01formed therein and having transverse tubes connected with the columns Aabove and below the partition (1 and united in a central column e, asset forth.

2. A section for a vertical sectional boiler, consisting in the columnsA, connected by arch B and provided with the loops h, and

I 5 the tubes f and g,united in the column eand having the partitiondinserted in the columns A between the ends of the loop, with theWater-inlets p and the outlet p, arranged substantially as set forth.

3. In a vertical sectional boiler, the combination, with a series ofvertical cast-iron sections consisting each in side columns A, united atthe top by arch B and having the partition d formed therein and havingthe transverse tubes connected with the columns A above and below thepartition 01 and united in a central column 6, of the water-plate J,applied at one end of the series, and the front plate I, provided'withthe door 1', opening into the com 0 bustion-chamber, being applied atthe opposite side of the series, as and for the purpose set forth.

4. In a vertical sectional boiler, the combination, with a series ofvertical cast-iron sections provided with a combustion-chamber in 3 5the top of the boiler beneath a water-arch, of the partition m and theribs 'n, and 0, arranged at one end of the boiler, as set forth, to forma return-flue, and the smoke-outlet J, and the damper t, arrangedopposite the same 40 to furnish a direct or indirect draft,substantially as herein set forth.

5. A cast-iron sectional boiler formed with a series of verticalsections having a combustion-chamber in the top beneath awater-arch andprovided at one end with the water-plate J, having the smoke-outlet J,and the hollow rib 0, projected into a return-flue, and the verticalsection adjacent to the water-plate, being provided With a partition m,and the damper t, arranged and operated substantially as herein setforth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

GEORGE G. BLAOKMORE.

Witnesses:

THOMAS S. CRANE, E. L. WYMAN.

